Review
Concepts In Chapter 3 –
Bioenergetics
Please
fill in the blanks of these study statements as a guide to understanding the
content of Chapter 3.
By
definition, an ______________ reaction is a chemical reaction that requires
energy to be added to the reactants before the reaction will take place.
Reactions that are linked
together, with the liberation of free energy in one reaction is a __________ ______________.
Enzymes
are catalysts that ___________ the rate of reactions by ___________ the energy
of activation.
Elevated blood levels of ____________ _______________
may assist in the diagnosis of a medical condition known as myocardial
infarction.
Enzymes
that catalyze reactions in which the cleavage of bonds is accomplished by
adding water
describes the function of the
Ò______________Ó category of enzymes.
Glycogen are stored
_________________ in muscle and other tissues in animals.
Neutral fats that are stored
in muscle and other tissues and play an important role as an energy substrate
are __________________.
The most important
high-energy phosphate compound in the muscle cell is ______.
The simplest and most rapid
method to produce ATP during exercise is through the _____________ system.
The
principal function of glycolysis is to degrade glucose or glycogen into
__________ _______ or ___________ ________ and produce ATP.
The net production of ATP via
substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis is _______ ATP if glucose is the
substrate and ______ ATP if glycogen is the substrate.
The two most important
hydrogen (electron) carriers in bioenergetic chemical reactions are _______ and
_______.
The primary function of the
Krebs cycle is to complete the _____________of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins (i.e., form NADH and FADH).
Aerobic production of ATP
occurs in the _________________ (i.e., electron transport chain) in a process
called oxidative phosphorylation.
Each pair of electrons passed
through the electron transport chain from NADH to oxygen releases enough energy
to form ________ ATP.
The total ATP production via
aerobic breakdown of glucose is _______ ATP
The
calculated efficiency for aerobic respiration is approximately ______%.
The
breakdown of ____________ phosphate is regulated by ADP concentration in the
cytoplasm
The
most important rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis is ____________________.
The rate limiting enzyme in
the Krebs cycle is ____________
________________.
In general, the higher the
intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of ____________ energy
production
The enzyme responsible for
the aerobic synthesis of ATP (located within the mitochondria) is _________
______________.
The chemical reaction that
involves pyruvate and lactate may require either ____________ or _____________
of a coenzyme, and the direction depends on the relative concentrations of the
reactants.
The
enzyme-substrate complex is best described by the _________ and _________
model.
The
caloric (Kcal) yield of one gram of protein added to that of one gram of
carbohydrate is less than the caloric yield of one gram of __________.
The
enzyme responsible for removing energy from the most common high-energy
phosphate compound is ______________ ____________.
The
accumulation of ATP would inhibit glycolysis by affecting its rate limiting
enzyme _____________________
The old ATP tally differs
from the new ATP tally in that old tally is greater and requires ____________
H+ to make one ATP
The
complete metabolism (through the end of the TCA cycle) of 5 molecules of
glucose would produce a total of __________ NADH+H.
The primary purpose of the
Krebs cycle is to complete the oxidation of foodstuffs using ________ and
___________ as hydrogen (electron) carriers.