Lecture - PE 5309 - The Wrist & Hand Joints

Many sports require precise functioning of wrist & hand
Sport Examples:

Relate functional anatomy to joint actions
Movements:______________________________________________________

_____ bones
More than _____ joints
More than _______ muscles
________ are intrinsic

Bones
___________ carpal bones
Proximal row from radial to ulnar side
scaphoid (boat-shaped) or navicular
lunate (moon-shaped)
triquetrum (three-cornered)
pisiform (pea-shaped)

Distal row, from the radial to ulnar side
trapezium (greater multangular)
trapezoid (lesser multangular)
capitate (head-shaped)
hamate (hooked)

Bones
_________________ most often injured
From falling on _______________ _____________

Often dismissed as a sprain
Significant problem if not recognized & treated properly
Usually long period of precise immobilization or surgery

Joints
Wrist joint
condyloid-type joint
allows flexion, extension, abduction, & adduction
motion occurs primarily between ______________ & ______________ row (scaphoid, lunate, & triquetrum)

Movements
Wrist
Flexion & extension
Abduction & adduction

Fingers
Flex & extend
MCP joints also abduct & adduct

Movements
Flexion
________________________________________________

Extension
______________________________________________

Abduction (radial flexion)
______________________________________________

Also, movement of fingers away from middle finger

Adduction (ulnar flexion)
______________________________________________

Also, movement of fingers toward middle finger

Opposition
______________________________________________
Reposition
______________________________________________

Muscles
Extrinsic muscles of wrist & hand grouped according to function & location
6 muscles move wrist but not fingers & thumb
3 wrist flexors
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
3 wrist extensors
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris

All wrist flexors generally have their origins on ____________________ aspect of proximal forearm and _______________ ______________ of humerus with insertions on anterior aspect of wrist & hand

Muscles
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Swelling & inflammation can cause increased pressure in carpal tunnel resulting in decreased function of median nerve leading to reduced motor & sensation function in its distribution
particularly common with repetitive use of the hand and wrist in manual labor and clerical work such as typing and keyboarding

Often, slight modifications in work habits and hand & wrist positions during these activities can be preventative
Flexibility exercises for the wrist & finger flexors may be helpful

Wrist extensors generally have their origins on ___________________ aspect of proximal forearm & lateral ______________ _______________ with insertions located on posterior aspect of wrist & hand

Muscles
Wrist abductors
Generally cross wrist joint ________________ & _______________ to insert on radial side of hand
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis

Wrist adductors
cross wrist joint _________________ & ___________________ to insert on ulnar side of hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscles
Anteromedially at elbow & forearm and anterior at hand
Primarily wrist flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Muscles
Anteromedially at elbow & forearm and anterior at hand
Primarily wrist & phalangeal flexion
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Muscles
Posterolaterally at elbow & forearm and posterior at hand
Primarily wrist extension
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscles
Posterolaterally at elbow & forearm and posterior at hand
Primarily wrist & phalangeal extension
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Wrist Flexion
Agonists
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Wrist Flexion
Agonists
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Wrist Extension
Agonists
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Wrist Extension
Agonists
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Wrist Extension
Agonists
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Wrist Abduction
Agonists
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Wrist Abduction
Agonists
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Wrist Adduction
Agonists
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Phalangeal Flexion
Agonists
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Phalangeal Extension
Agonists
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Phalangeal Extension
Agonists
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
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Online Arm and Hand Practice Quiz