Chapter 1
Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

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Manual of Structural Kinesiology

R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS

Kinesiology & Body Mechanics

Kinesiology - ______________________

Anatomic kinesiology - _______________________________

Biomechanics - ____________________________

Kinesiology & Body Mechanics

Structural kinesiology - ______________________________________________________

Both skeletal & muscular structures are involved

Bones are different sizes & shapes - particularly at the joints, which allow or limit movement

Kinesiology & Body Mechanics

Muscles vary greatly in size, shape, & structure from one part of body to another

More than _____________ muscles are found in human body

Who needs Kinesiology?

•___________________ __________________ __________________ ___________________ __________________ __________________

•Why Kinesiology?

•should have an adequate knowledge & understanding of all large muscle groups to teach others how to strengthen, improve, & maintain these parts of human body

•should not only know how & what to do in relation to conditioning & training but also know why specific exercises are done in conditioning & training of athletes

•Through kinesiology & analysis of skills, physical educators can understand & improve specific aspects of physical conditioning

•Understanding aspects of exercise physiology is also essential to coaches & physical educators

•Reference positions

•basis from which to describe joint movements

–Anatomical position

–Fundamental position

•Reference positions

•Anatomical position

_________________________________

_________________________________

•Fundamental position

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Anterior

–________________________________

•Anteroinferior

–________________________________

•Anterosuperior

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Anterolateral

–________________________________

•Anteromedial

–________________________________

•Anteroposterior

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Contralateral

–pertaining or relating to the ________________________________

•Ipsilateral

–on the ________________________________

•Bilateral

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Inferior (infra)

–________________________________

•Superior (supra)

–________________________________

•Distal

–situated away from the ________________________________

•Proximal

–nearest the ________________________________

•Lateral

–________________________________

•Medial

–________________________________

•Median

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Inferolateral

–________________________________

•Inferomedial

–________________________________

•Superolateral

–________________________________

•Superomedial

–above & toward the midline or inside

•

•Caudal

–________________________________

•Cephalic

–v

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Deep

–________________________________

•Superficial

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Prone

–________________________________

•Supine

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Dorsal

–________________________________

•Ventral

–________________________________

•Anatomical directional terminology

•Volar

–________________________________

•Plantar

–________________________________

•Body Regions

•Body regions

•Axial

–Cephalic (________________________________)

–Cervical (________________________________)

–Trunk

•Appendicular

–________________________________limbs

–________________________________ limbs

•Body regions

•Axial

–Cephalic (Head)

•Cranium & Face

–Cervical (Neck)

–Trunk

•Thoracic ________________________________________________________________

•Body regions

•Appendicular

–Upper limbs

•________________________________

–Lower limbs

•________________________________

•Planes of Motion

•Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved

•Motion through a plane revolves around an axis

•There is a ninety-degree relationship between a plane of motion & its axis

•Cardinal planes of motion

•3 basic or traditional

–in relation to the body, not in relation to the earth

•Sagittal Plane

•Frontal Plane

•Transverse ________________________________

•Cardinal planes of motion

•Sagittal Plane

–________________________________

–It bisects body into 2 equal symmetrical halves or a right & left half

–Ex. Sit-up

•Cardinal planes of motion

•Frontal Plane

–________________________________s

–Ex. Jumping Jacks

•Cardinal planes of motion

•Transverse

–________________________________

–Ex. Spinal rotation to left or right

•Diagonal Planes of Motion

•High Diagonal

•Low Diagonal

•Low Diagonal

•Diagonal Planes of Motion

•High Diagonal

–Upper limbs at shoulder joints

–Overhand skills

–EX. ________________________________

•Diagonal Planes of Motion

•Low Diagonal

–Upper limbs at shoulder joints

–Underhand skills

–EX. ________________________________

•Low Diagonal

–Lower limbs at the hip joints

–EX. ________________________________

•Axes of rotation

•For movement to occur in a plane, it must turn or rotate about an axis as referred to previously

•The axes are named in relation to their orientation

•Axes of rotation

•Horizontal, Frontal, lateral, or coronal axis

–Has same orientation as frontal plane of motion & runs from side to side at a right angle to sagittal plane of motion

–________________________________

–Commonly includes flexion, extension movements

•Axes of rotation

•Sagittal or anteroposterior axis

–Has same orientation as sagittal plane of motion & runs from front to back at a right angle to frontal plane of motion

–________________________________

–Commonly includes abduction, adduction movements

•Axes of rotation

•Long or vertical axis

–Runs straight down through top of head & is at a right angle to transverse plane of motion

–________________________________

–Commonly includes internal rotation, external rotation movements

•Axes of rotation

•Diagonal or oblique axis

–also known as the ________________________________

–runs at a right angle to the ________________________________