Chapter 9

Chapter 9
The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle

Manual of Structural Kinesiology

•Hip joint (acetabular femoral)

–relatively stable due to

•bony architecture

•strong ligaments

•large supportive muscles

–functions in weight bearing & locomotion

•enhanced significantly by its wide range of motion

•ability to run, cross-over cut, side-step cut, jump, & many other directional changes

Bones

•___________________ joint

–Head of femur connecting with acetabulum of pelvic girdle

–Pelvic girdle

•right & left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by sacrum

•pelvic bones are ilium, ischium, & pubis

–Femur

•longest bone in body

Bones

–Sacrum

•extension of spinal column with 5 fused vertebrae

•extending inferiorly is the coccyx

•Pelvic bone - divided into 3 areas

–Upper two fifths = ilium

–Posterior & lower two fifths = ischium

–Anterior & lower one fifth = pubis

Bones

•Bony landmarks

–Anterior pelvis - origin for hip flexors

•__________________ - anterior iliac crest

•__________________ - anterior superior iliac spine

•__________________ - anterior inferior iliac spine

Bones

•Bony landmarks

–Lateral pelvis - origin for hip abductors

•____________________________________ - just below iliac crest

Bones

•Bony landmarks

–Medially - origin for hip abductors

•____________________________

Bones

•Bony landmarks

–Posteriorly – origin for hip extensors

•________________________ - posterior iliac crest & posterior sacrum & coccyx

–Posteroinferiorly - origin for hip extensors

•________________________ - ischial tuberosity

Bones

•Bony landmarks

–Proximal thigh - insertion for short muscles of hip

•______________________________________________ - greater trochanter

•___________________________ - lesser trochanter

–Proximal thigh - origin for 3 knee extensors

•________________________________________ – anteriorly

•________________________________________ - linea aspera

Bones

•Bony landmarks

–________________________ – insertion for all 4 quadriceps muscles

–________________________ – insertion for remainder of hip muscles

•______________________ & __________________________ - upper anteromedial tibial surface just below medial condyle after crossing knee posteromedially

•_________________________ - posteromedially on medial tibial condyle

Bones

•Bony landmarks

–Proximal tibia or fibula – insertion for remainder of hip muscles

•______________________________ – laterally, primarily on fibula head with some fibers attaching on lateral tibial condyle

•______________________________ – anterolaterally on Gerdyfs tubercle of tibia

Joints

•Anteriorly

–Two pelvic bones join to form symphysis pubis, amphiarthrodial

•Posteriorly

–Sacrum is between the 2 pelvic bones & forms the sacroiliac joints

–Strong ligaments unite these bones to form rigid, slightly movable joints

Joints

•Large & heavy bones covered by thick, heavy muscles

•Very minimal oscillating-type movements occur in sacroiliac joints, as in walking

•Body movements usually involve entire pelvic girdle & hip joints

•In walking, hip flexion & extension occur with pelvic girdle rotation, forward in hip flexion & backward in hip extension

Joints

•Jogging & running result in faster movements & greater range of movement

•Pelvic rotation increases the length of stride in running; in kicking it results in a greater distance or more speed to the kick

Joints

•Acetabulofemoral joint - __________________________________

–Multiaxial arrangement

–Bony architecture provides stability

•relatively few hip joint subluxations & dislocations

–Enarthrodial-type joint

–Femoral head inserting into acetabulum

–Reinforced by extremely strong & dense ligamentous capsule, especially anteriorly

Joints

•Acetabulofemoral joint

–Iliofemoral or Y ligament – located anteriorly, prevents hyperextension

–Pubofemoral ligament - located anteromedially & inferiorly, limits excessive extension & abduction

Joints

•Acetabulofemoral joint

–Teres ligament - attaches from deep in acetabulum to a depression in femoral head, slightly limits adduction

–Ischiofemoral ligament – located posteriorly, extends from ischium to trochanteric fossa of femur, limits internal rotation

Joints

•Some disagreement about exact possible range of each movement in hip joint

–0 to 130 degrees of flexion

–0 to 30 degrees of extension

Joints

–0 to 35 degrees of abduction

–0 to 30 degrees of adduction

Joints

–0 to 45 degrees of internal rotation

–0 to 50 degrees of external rotation

Joints

•Pelvic girdle moves back & forth within 3 planes for a total of 6 different movements

–All pelvic girdle rotation results from motion at one or more locations

•right hip

•left hip

•lumbar spine

Joints

Motions accompanying pelvic rotation

Movements

•Anterior & posterior pelvic rotation

–sagittal or anteroposterior plane

•Right & left lateral rotation

–lateral or frontal plane

•Right transverse (clockwise) rotation & left transverse (counterclockwise) rotation

–horizontal or transverse plane of motion

Movements

•Hip flexion

–________________________________________________________________

•Hip extension

–________________________________________________________________

Movements

•Hip abduction

–_________________________________________________________________

•Hip adduction

–_________________________________________________________________

Movements

•Hip external rotation

–_________________________________________________________________

•Hip internal rotation

–_________________________________________________________________

Movements

•Hip diagonal abduction

–_________________________________________________________________

•Hip diagonal adduction

–________________________________________________________________

Movements

•Anterior pelvic rotation

–________________________________________________________________

•Posterior pelvic rotation

–________________________________________________________________

Movements

•Left lateral pelvic rotation

•________________________________________________________________Right lateral pelvic rotation

–________________________________________________________________

Movements

•Left transverse pelvic rotation

•________________________________________________________________Right transverse pelvic rotation

________________________________________________________________

Muscles

•Six two-joint muscles have one action at hip & another at knee

Muscles

•Muscles involved in hip & pelvic girdle motions depend largely on ______________________________________________________________________

•Body part that moves most will be the part least stabilized

–Standing on both feet & contracting hip flexors, ______________________________

–Lying supine & contracting hip flexors, the thighs move ______________________________

Muscles

•Hip flexor muscles used in moving thighs ______________________________

•Hip extensor muscles used eccentrically when pelvis & trunk move downward slowly on the femur and concentrically when trunk is raised on femur (rising to standing position)

•In downward phase of knee-bend exercise, movement at hips & knees is flexion

–muscles primarily involved - ______________________________________

Muscles

•Hip joint & pelvic girdle muscles

–Anterior - primarily hip flexion

•________________________________________________________________

•______________________________

–______________________________

–Medial - primarily hip adduction

•______________________________

Muscles

–Posterior - primarily hip extension

•______________________________

–Lateral - primarily hip abduction

•______________________________

______________________________

Muscles

•Pelvic muscles acting on hip joint

•______________________________

Muscles

•Pelvic muscles acting on hip joint

–Gluteal region - extend & rotate hip

•______________________________

•Six deep external rotators - piriformis, obturator externus, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, & quadratus femoris

Muscles

•Thigh - divided into 3 compartments by intermuscular septa

Muscles

–Anterior compartment – ______________________________

•______________________________

–Posterior compartment - hamstring group

•______________________________

Muscles

–Medial compartment - primarily adductors

•______________________________