Nutrient Balance
Static energy balance
Increase intake of _____________ would lead to 14 pound weight gain over one year
Dynamic energy balance
_______________ in energy intake results in increased body weight
Energy expenditure also ____________ and weight is maintained at a new, _____________ level
Results in weight gain of only ______ pounds in a year
Carbohydrate and protein
Excess intake is ______________
Body regulates expenditure to ___________ __________
______________ contribute to weight gain
Fat
Excess intake is _____________ oxidized
Fat expenditure depends on ______________ expenditure
Contributes to ____________
Energy Expenditure and Weight Control
Diets high in _________ are linked to obesity
Fat grams contain _________ as many calories as carbohydrates
Nutrient balance can most easily be achieved with a _____ _____diet
Calories count and must be considered!
______ _______ _______ (BMR)
Rate of energy expenditure under standardized conditions
Supine position, immediately after rising, 12-18 hours following a meal
Similar to resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Represents ____ _____% total energy expenditure
________ in women, __________ with age
Related to _________ mass
__________ in response to _________ caloric intake (dieting or fasting)
__________ can maintain BMR
Caloric Intake and BMR
Thermogenesis
“_______________” associated with:
________________ (thermic effect of feeding)
Small part of ____________ expenditure
Not associated with obesity
Brown adipose tissue
“______________”
Metabolic cycles (NA+/K+ pump activity)
Physical Activity
Accounts for ____-_____% total energy expenditure
Depends on _______ level
Important in determining ____________
___________ relationship between physical activity and percent fat
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Body Fatness
Effect of Exercise on Appetite
Most humans
Energy intake is increased across a broad range of energy expenditure
Maintains body weight
Formerly sedentary individuals
Net loss of appetite on an exercise program
Facilitates weight loss
Relationship of Exercise and Appetite
Body Weight and Caloric Intake vs. Occupational Activity
Exercise and Body Composition
Individuals who exercise generally have _________ body weight and percent fat
Weight loss in conjunction with exercise
Less lean body mass is _________
More fat mass is _________
Weight Loss vs.Weight Maintenance
Weight loss
Exercise contributes a ________fraction to weight loss
Weight maintenance
Light to moderate exercise
____________ make up a large fraction of energy expended
Moderate exercise
Expends __________ amounts of fat and calories
Fitness and weight loss goals
Vigorous exercise
Effective in expending calories and achieving ________ and _______ loss goals
Diet, Exercise, and Weight Control
Energy and nutrient balance is more easily achieved on a _____ _____ diet
Exercise increases the chance that energy balance will be achieved
Exercise promotes health-related benefits
Increased fitness, HDL cholesterol, fibrinolysis