Chapter 1

Physiology of Exercise in the United States

Its Past, Its Future

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 6^th edition

Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Howley

Early American Development Harvard Fatigue Laboratory

Focal point in the development of exercise physiology in the United States

_______________ directed the lab from its opening in 1927 to its closing in 1947

Research in exercise and environmental physiology (Table 1.1)

Basis of much of what we know today

Physical Fitness

A popular topic today

Possible careers: 

Active Research Areas

Metabolism

Environmental Physiology

Clinical Physiology

Aging

Blood

Nutrition

Physical Fitness

Public Health Service

In 1980, listed __________________; as one of the fifteen areas of concern related to improving the country, overall health.

Civil War until the First World War (WWI)

Physical education primarily concerned with fitness

Many physical education leaders were trained in _______________

________________, hired by Harvard in 1879

Set up physical training programs with individual exercise prescriptions

World War I (WWI) &
World War II (WWII)

Large numbers of draftees failed the inducti= on exams due to ____________ and _______________

Physical programs began to resemble ________ _____  _____________ programs

1950s

Autopsies of young soldiers of Korean War showed significant __________  ______________disease had already developed

Hans Kraus showed that _____________ children performed poorly on a __________ fitness test compared to __________

1955, President's Council on Youth Fitness

1957, developed ________________ Youth Fitness Test

President _______________

___________________ in Sports Illustrated

For the physical vigor of our citizens is one of American's most precious resources. If we waste and neglect this resource, if we allow it to dwindle and grow soft, then we will destroy much of our ability to meet the great and vital challenges which confront our people. We will be unable to realize our full potential as a nation.

During Kennedy's Term

Council's name changed to the President's Council on Physical Fitness

Nixon administration changed it to the current name President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

1980

AAHPERD published the ___________________ ______________ Manual

_________________ testing

_________________ testing

Epidemiological Studies

On health status of the population, undersco= red the fact that degenerative diseases relate to poor health habits.

High-_______ diet, ___________, ____________.

1970s, an increased use of exercise tests to diagnose ____________ disease

Large corporations developed executive fitness programs, which evolved into today's Corporate Fitness programs

Undergraduate and Graduate Study

Growth in the number of exercise physiology laboratories in the 1950s and 1960s

Opportunities for graduate and undergraduate education

From physical education to exercise physiology

Graduates from these laboratories contributed to the field

Research productivity

Journals and professional societies

Translation of Exercise Science to the Consumer

Demand for correct information and programs about physical activity and health

University and college physical education departments developed areas of study in exercise physiology and fitness

____________________________________ (ACSM)

Developed certification programs to establish a standard of knowledge and skill for practitioners