Chapter 9 Study Guide

Name the primary role of the cardiovascular system is to

What are the two major adjustments in blood flow that must be made in order to meet the increased oxygen demands of muscle during exercise?

Where does all gas exchanges between the vascular system and tissues occur?

What component of the CV system prevents backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles?

What is the muscle of the heart is referred to?

What is responsible for electrical impulses conducted between heart muscle cells by?

Describe the differences and similarities between skeletal and cardiac muscle.

What is the contraction phase of the heart is called?

Describe the time spent in systole and how it differs from diastole.

Describe the time spent in diastole and systole during exercise.

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called?

What node is found in the normal pacemaker of the heart?

Which wave represents ventricular repolarization during a recording of the electrical activity (i.e., ECG) of the heart?

What are the three principal mechanisms for increasing venous return during exercise?

What results from an increase in parasympathetic outflow to the heart?

Where is the cardiovascular control center is located?

Describe the Frank-Starling law of the heart.

What happens to mean arterial pressure and vascular resistance when an increase in cardiac output occurs during exercise?

What is most important variable that determines resistance to blood flow is

What is the relationship between cardiac output and metabolic rate?

What level of VO2 max will stroke volume continue to increase during exercise (approximately)?

What formula can be used for estimating maximal heart rate with age?

What are some of the factors contributing to autoregulation of local blood flow?

In general, does heart rate increase in direct proportion to the metabolic rate during exercise?

What contributes to most of the increases seen in mean arterial blood pressure during dynamic (isotonic) incremental exercise?

What differences (if any) are seen in oxygen consumption, heart rate and blood pressure during leg work when compared with arm work?

Where is the central command theory of cardiovascular control located?

What causes a local increase in the adenosine concentration around arterioles?

What is the arterial-venous oxygen difference?

What mathematical equation determines the relationship between oxygen uptake, cardiac output, and the arterial-venous oxygen difference?

Is resistance to blood flow directly or inversely proportional to the length of a vessel?

Discuss the reasons for stroke volume increases during exercise.

Discuss the relationship of stroke volume to the afterload.

What must happen peripheral resistance blood pressure in order to maintain systemic blood flow?

When cardiac output decreases, what happens to blood pressure and peripheral resistance?

What can actually help resist permanent damage to the heart during a heart attack?

Which of the following is the correct order of events pertaining to contraction of the left ventricle?

*The bundle branches depolarize, the ventricle contracts, the ventricular pressure increases, the aortic volume increases.

*The aortic volume increases, the ventricular pressure increases, the ventricle contracts, the bundle branches depolarize.

*The ventricular pressure increases, the bundle branches depolarize, the aortic volume increases, the ventricle contracts.

*The bundle branches depolarize, the ventricular pressure increases, the ventricle contracts, the aortic volume increases.

Discuss the parasympathetic stimulation of the heart during the heart rate?

What component of the CV system provides the greatest resistance to blood flow?

What are the blood pressures like in the vena cavae and the veins compared to

arteries?

Which of the following represents the correct order of events of the flow of blood after it leaves the left ventricle and before it returns to the right atrium?

*Blood flows through the aorta, oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood flows though veins, blood enters the venules.

*Blood flows through the venules, blood flows through the veins, oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood enters the aorta.

*Oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood flows through the aorta, blood flows through the venules, blood enters the veins.

*Blood flows through the aorta, oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood flows through venules, blood enters the veins.

What effect does Beta-adrenergic blocking medications have on the CV system?